Do this once.
$ python3 -m venv venv $ source venv/bin/activate $ pip install esp-tool adafruit-ampy
Remember to ground PIN 0 for flash mode. I've added a push button to the UART-to-USB dongle for that. I then push it while plugging in.
Get the latest firmware from MicroPython Download Page for ESP8266
1MB. That's the chip I got.
In the time of writing this was the latest file: esp8266-1m-20230426-v1.20.0.bin.
As super user.
$ su $ esptool.py chip_id $ esptool.py --port /dev/ttyUSB0 erase_flash $ esptool.py --port /dev/ttyUSB0 --baud 115200 write_flash --flash_size=detect -fm dout 0 esp8266-1m-20230426-v1.20.0.bin